deviance :: essays research papers

Deviance is an individuals or groups behavior, ideas, or attributes that some people in ships company find offensive, wrong, immoral, sinful, evil, strange, or disgusting. This definition consists of three parts.Expectation Some behavioral expectation must exist.Violation There must be a real or implied violation of the expectationReaction An individual, group, or ordering must react to the devianceThe strain theory by Robert Merton believes that American society pushes individuals toward deviance by overemphasizing the importance of monetary success, while failing to emphasize the legitimate means to achieve that success.Cultural Transmission Theory by Edwin Sutherland states that deviants control patterns of behavior form the people with whom they associate on a regular basis. Not only do they teach us the techniques for committing deviant acts, but as well a set of beliefs and attitudes that justify or rationalize the behaviorThe Anomie Theory was coined by Emile Durkheim and it refers to the condition of normlessness, in which values and norms have little invasion and the culture no longer provides adequate guidlines for behavior. Deviance is also thought of as an individual choice because it appears that the consequences of doing it are more desirable than the consequences of doing something else. The choice is as simple as weighing the pros and cons.Biological theories are a bit weak due to all the exceptions to the rule. William Sheldon proposed that deviance is in the body type. Other theorists put forward its in the extra Y chromosonePsychologists have attributed antisocial behavior to the conscious mind being too weak to overcome the strength of the id. Labeling theorists attempt to inform how cultural and individual perceptions create and sustain deviant idetities. A deviant is not different from you or I, they are just labe take deviant successfully.Has led sociologists to distinguish between primary and secondary deviance. Primary deviance is the original behavior that leads to the application of the label to an individual. Secondary deviance is the behavior that people relegate as a result of having been labeledFunctions of DevianceDeviance actually helps teach societys rules providing illustrations of violation. It is functional in that it 1) causes the groups members to close ranks 2) promotes group solidarity 3) help clarify what society really believes in 4)teaches normal behavior by showing us what is abnormal.Durkheim stated that deviance is "an intergral part of all healthy societies."There seems to be a disjunction between means and ends, such as the emphasis on wealth and success without many legitimate means to achieve them.